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Abstract Toxoplasmosis has been recognized as parasitic zoonosis with the highest human incidence. The human infection by the parasite can lead to severe clinical manifestations in congenital toxoplasmosis and immunocompromised patients. Contamination occurs mainly by foodborne ways especially consumption of raw or undercooked meat. In contrast to other foodborne infections, toxoplasmosis is a chronic infection which would make its economic and social impact much higher than even previously anticipated.
Ovine meat was advanced as a major risk factor, so we investigated its parasite survey, under natural conditions. Serological MAT technique and touchdown PCR approaches were used for prevalence determination of the parasite in slaughtered sheep intended to human consumption in Tunis City.
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The genotyping was carried by SNPs analysis of SAG3 marker. Pinoy ako info tv show replay gma. Anti- Toxoplasma antibodies were present in 38.2% of young sheep and in 73.6% of adult sheep. Molecular detection revealed the contamination of 50% of ewes’ tissue.
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Sequencing and SNPs analysis enabled unambiguous typing of meat isolates and revealed the presence of mixed strains as those previously identified from clinical samples in the same area. Our findings conclude that slaughtered sheep are highly infected, suggesting them as a major risk factor of Toxoplasma gondii transmission by meat consumption.
Special aware should target consequently this factor when recommendations have to be established by the health care commanders. Citation: Boughattas S, Ayari K, Sa T, Aoun K, Bouratbine A (2014) Survey of the Parasite Toxoplasma gondii in Human Consumed Ovine Meat in Tunis City. PLoS ONE 9(1): e85044. Editor: Herbert B. Tanowitz, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, United States of America Received: August 12, 2013; Accepted: November 22, 2013; Published: January 10, 2014 Copyright: © 2014 Boughattas et al.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: This study was supported by the Ministry of Higher Education Research and Technology in Tunisia and carried out within the framework of the Research Lab 'Parasitoses emergentes' LR 05SP03. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Introduction Toxoplasma gondii (T.gondii) is a cosmopolite parasitic protozoon. It infects all warm-blooded vertebrate species, including humans.
Human infection can leads to drastic consequences during congenital transmission and in immunocompromised patients. Transmission occurs mainly by foodborne way through the ingestion of contaminated vegetable /water with oocysts, as well as the ingestion of contaminated raw / undercooked meat with tissue cysts. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has recognized toxoplasmosis as parasitic zoonosis with the highest human incidence.
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Researchers considered the consumption of undercooked infected meat as the biggest risk and suspected ovine meat, to be a major risk factor for human infection. In our country, Tunisia (North of Africa), data still fragmentary about the survey of this parasite in slaughtered ovine. No previous study investigated relevantly the detection the parasite in the meat and its genotyping for epidemiological correlation with clinical data.